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日期:2020-11-14
篇名 咸豐大錢 Xianfeng Coins
作者姓名 戴玄之 Dai Syuan Jhih
頁碼 153-170
摘要(中) 清中期后,銀貴錢賤的局面日益惡化,在文宗年間更達到高峰,而其後的太平天國之亂,更使軍費開支日益趨大。清廷在上述經濟、軍事的雙重壓力下,開始行使大錢。京城地區於咸豐三年,由戶部鑄造當十大錢,後因財政危機未能解決,當百、當千大錢亦隨之而生。然而,價值的提高卻令私鑄盛行,使得百千大錢不久停鑄,當十、當五十大錢價格亦日益跌落。而在地方上,亦令各省自鑄大錢行使,然而各地成色、重量混雜,具多樣性、善變性,使各省大錢行使失敗。大錢失敗之主因在於朝廷為挽救財政及經濟危機,不顧後果而大量鑄造。再加以採取分散鑄幣政策,京師供京師,各省歸各省用,使中央與地方各異,不法者趁機鑽營。又有民間的私鑄私銷,終而使大錢徹底失敗。
摘要(英) 7. In the middle of the Qing dynasty, the Silver and Copper Cash situation was deteriorating. This reached a peak in the Wenzong years, and after the Taiping Rebellion, increasingly caused military spending to balloon. Under the duel pressures of these economic and military issues, the Qing court started to issue large amounts of coins. In the Beijing area in third year of Xianfeng, the Ministry of Finance issued ten cash coins, later causing an unresolved financial crisis, when hundred cash and thousand cash coins were also produced. However, this rise in value led to the private casting of coins, causing an end to the casting of hundred and thousand cash coins, which led to further drops in the value of ten and fifty cash coins. At the local level, provinces were ordered to mint their own coins however the quality, weight, and mixture of these coins were uneven, resulting in their failure. The main reason for this was that the court was trying to stave off a financial and economic crisis, regardless of the consequences, with large-scaling coin casting. Coupled with the adoption of policies for decentralizing the minting of coins, with every province making and using their own coinage, caused differences in currency between the Central government and local governments, and criminals used this opportunity for personal gain. This illegal minting of coins meant that the Xianfeng coins eventually were a total failure

關鍵字

銀貴錢賤、太平天國之亂、咸豐大錢、通膨、私鑄私銷

Silver and copper cash、Taiping Rebellion、Xianfeng Coins、Inflation、Mint Coins Illegally

 

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